Opinion: A quick guide to over-the-counter and alternative treatments

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I understand the appeal of living off the beaten path, and I also appreciate the appeal of alternative ways of doing things. But when this way of thinking extends to medical treatment and an interest in alternative therapies, I urge caution.

As you consider the best choices for your health, it’s important to make informed decisions and stay in communication with your medical provider. Healthy skepticism is one of your best tools.

Here’s a quick guide to types of treatment. Prescription medications are prescribed by a medical provider. They go through an extensive approval process and are closely regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for safety and effectiveness.

Over-the-counter medications can be purchased without a prescription. While they must meet FDA standards for quality, effectiveness, and safety, they are not as closely monitored once they reach consumers. Examples include antihistamines, ibuprofen, and cough syrup. 

Alternative medicine refers to treatments that fall outside of Western medical practices. Alternative medicines are not regulated by the FDA for safety, dosage, or effectiveness. Examples include essential oils, herbal remedies, acupuncture, naturopathy, and dietary supplements.

There are risks associated with all three categories, including possible interactions with other medications, varying degrees of effectiveness and reactions, and the potential for misuse.

What to consider before trying an alternative medicine

If you’re considering alternative medicine or treatments, start with a simple step: Google it. Read claims and reviews with a critical eye. Consider whether the promised effects are backed up by science or just anecdotes. Look at what the treatment costs. Even if the treatment isn’t harmful, is it worth the price if it doesn’t work? 

Next, talk with your medical provider. It’s important to disclose everything you’re taking, including vitamins, supplements, legal and illegal medications, and herbs. Treatments can interact negatively with one another, lead to serious risks, or cause other medication to be less effective. Alternative remedies may work for your friends or family members but that does not guarantee that they will be effective or safe for you. Ultimately, the decision is yours — but your medical provider is a great resource to help you weigh benefits and risks.

If you decide to try an alternative medication, pay close attention to any physical or emotional changes, even mild ones. If something feels off, stop taking it and contact your medical provider. 

Also talk with your provider about OTC medications. Just because it’s available without a prescription doesn’t mean it’s safe for everyone. Some OTC medications can have dangerous interactions with prescription medications, or might not be safe for you personally. Always read the warning labels and follow the instructions. They are there to protect you.

“But it’s natural!” 

A common myth I hear about alternative treatments is, “If it’s natural, it must be safe.” But natural doesn’t mean harmless. Arsenic is natural! So are strychnine, lead and cyanide. Just because something exists in the natural world doesn’t mean it’s healthy. 

When people take herbs and supplements, it’s essential to first consider the risks. St. John’s Wort, which studies have found effective in treating mild and moderate depression, interacts with many medications and can cause serious side effects. Many people use the herbal extract Kratom to manage pain and opioid withdrawal, but it’s potentially addictive and considered unsafe. 

Ultimately, what I tell my patients is this: Your health decisions are your own, but you should use the same critical thinking with supplements and alternative therapies that you do with prescription medications. And please practice open communication with your provider. A good provider will listen to your questions and concerns about whatever options you’re considering and make recommendations based on what’s best for your health. The more you understand about what you put into your body, the better.